brazil, civil registration records

[221][222] It consists of the Brazilian Army (including the Army Aviation Command), the Brazilian Navy (including the Marine Corps and Naval Aviation), and the Brazilian Air Force. Facts about Brazils history. MIAMI (AP) The map was called Beach Trip and was blasted out to more than 18,000 members of a public Telegram channel called, in Portuguese, Hunting and Fishing. But instead of outdoor recreation tips, the 43 pins spread across the map of Brazil pointed to cities where bus transportation to the capital could be found for what promoters The language must be taught as a part of the education and speech and language pathology curricula. [196] Of the 202 endangered animals in Brazil, 171 are in the Atlantic Forest. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the highest rates of homicide of the world. [499][500][501] The country has also produced significant achievements in other sports such as sailing, swimming, tennis, surfing, skateboarding, MMA, gymnastics, boxing, judo, athletics and table tennis. Ribeira Valley and the Atlantic Forest. 2. [410], The official language of Brazil is Portuguese (Article 13 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil), which almost all of the population speaks and is virtually the only language used in newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative purposes. [102] Not until 1894, following an economic crisis and a military one, did civilians take power, remaining there until October 1930. [403] The Brazilian health system was ranked 125th among the 191 countries evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000. [16] The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term,[16] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. "[39], Some of the earliest human remains found in the Americas, Luzia Woman, were found in the area of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais and provide evidence of human habitation going back at least 11,000 years. [176], The climate of Brazil comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large area and varied topography, but most of the country is tropical. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world. [393], In recent decades, Protestantism, particularly in forms of Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism, has spread in Brazil, while the proportion of Catholics has dropped significantly. [447] Forr is a type of folk music prominent during the Festa Junina in northeastern Brazil. The 1937 coup d'tat resulted in the cancellation of the 1938 election and formalized Vargas as dictator, beginning the Estado Novo era. In 1994, Cardoso produced a highly successful Plano Real,[154] that, after decades of failed economic plans made by previous governments attempting to curb hyperinflation, finally stabilized the Brazilian economy. [152] Sarney's unsuccessful government led to the election in 1989 of the almost-unknown Fernando Collor, subsequently impeached by the National Congress in 1992. The highest point in Brazil is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 meters (9,823ft), and the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. [444] The major contribution of the African element was the rhythmic diversity and some dances and instruments that had a bigger role in the development of popular music and folk, flourishing especially in the twentieth century. [216] Nevertheless, the Supreme Federal Tribunal was the first court in the world to transmit its sessions on television, and also via YouTube. Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1.6million reservists annually. Srie Brasil cidado. In 2021, the Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index categorized Brazil as a "flawed democracy", ranking 46th in the report,[205] and Freedom House classified it as a free country at Freedom in the World report. The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. [306] Owner of relative technological sophistication, the country develops submarines, aircraft, as well as being involved in space research, having a Vehicle Launch Center Light and being the only country in the Southern Hemisphere the integrate team building International Space Station (ISS). [136] Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of the federal or state powers. In 1809, in retaliation for being forced into exile, the Prince Regent ordered the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana. It was highest (20.30%) in the Northeast, which had a large proportion of rural poor. [244], Brazil's international relations are based on Article 4 of the Federal Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations. [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. Brazil (officially called Federative Republic of Brazil; how to say: IPA: ) is a country in South America.It is the world's fifth largest country. The largest urban agglomerations in Brazil are So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte all in the Southeastern Region with 21.1, 12.3, and 5.1million inhabitants respectively. [21][22][23][24] Categorised as developing country with a high Human Development Index,[25] Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy,[26] having the twelfth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and ninth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. Brazil is planting 100 million trees to restore rivers. [509] So Paulo organized the IV Pan American Games in 1963, and Rio de Janeiro hosted the XV Pan American Games in 2007. [16] The highest court is the Supreme Federal Court. 3. In 1821, acceding to the demands of revolutionaries who had taken the city of Porto,[81] Joo VI departed for Lisbon. Court decisions set out interpretive guidelines; however, they are seldom binding on other specific cases. [140] His vice-president, Joo Goulart, assumed the presidency, but aroused strong political opposition[141] and was deposed in April 1964 by a coup that resulted in a military dictatorship. A major non-NATO ally of the United States, Brazil is a regional and middle power,[18][19][20] and is also classified as an emerging power. It is the only country in the Americas to have Portuguese as an official language. In 2012, Brazil had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants. [359], Race and ethnicity in Brazil[360][361][362], According to the National Research by Household Sample (PNAD) of 2008, 48.43% of the population (about 92 million) described themselves as White; 43.80% (about 83 million) as Pardo (brown), 6.84% (about 13 million) as Black; 0.58% (about 1.1million) as East Asian (officially called yellow or amarela); and 0.28% (about 536 thousand) as Amerindian (officially called indgena, Indigenous), while 0.07% (about 130 thousand) did not declare their race. [77] There they established some of Brazil's first financial institutions, such as its local stock exchanges[78] and its National Bank, additionally ending the Portuguese monopoly on Brazilian trade and opening Brazil to other nations. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. [330], The main characteristic of the Brazilian energy matrix is that it is much more renewable than that of the world. Currently it's possible to travel from Rio Grande, in the extreme south of the country, to Braslia (2,580km (1,603mi)) or Casimiro de Abreu, in the state of Rio de Janeiro (2,045km (1,271mi)), only on divided highways. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. [251], The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. [118][119][120], Little by little, a cycle of general instability sparked by these crises undermined the regime to such an extent that in the wake of the murder of his running mate, the defeated opposition presidential candidate Getlio Vargas, supported by most of the military, successfully led the Revolution of 1930. Brazil is planting 100 million trees to restore rivers. [441], In the 1950s, the modernist architecture was introduced when Brasilia was built as new federal capital in the interior of Brazil to help develop the interior. Most of them are public. The cities of Boa Vista, Salvador, and Porto Velho have the greatest proportion of Irreligious residents in Brazil. The Brazilian film industry began in the late 19th century, during the early days of the Belle poque. [83] The Brazilians refused to yield, and Prince Pedro decided to stand with them, declaring the country's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. It is the economic leader of South America, with the ninth-largest economy in the world, and a large iron and aluminum ore reserve. [408][406], Brazil's private institutions tend to be more exclusive and offer better quality education, so many high-income families send their children there. [413] As a result, the language is somewhat different, mostly in phonology, from the language of Portugal and other Portuguese-speaking countries (the dialects of the other countries, partly because of the more recent end of Portuguese colonialism in these regions, have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese). Of the 36 deep-water ports, Santos, Itaja, Rio Grande, Paranagu, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba, Vitria, Suape, Manaus and So Francisco do Sul are the most important. [492][493], The French Artistic Mission arrived in Brazil in 1816 proposing the creation of an art academy modeled after the respected Acadmie des Beaux-Arts, with graduation courses both for artists and craftsmen for activities such as modeling, decorating, carpentry and others and bringing artists like Jean-Baptiste Debret. [285][286][287] In 2018, the chemical industry of Brazil was the eighth-largest in the world. Kindergarten, elementary and medium education are required of all students. Brazil faces The former Brazilian president has taken up residence in Florida, leading to an outcry from House Democrats. [235] As of 2022[update], it is the only navy in Latin America that operates an aircraft carrier, NAM Atlntico, and one of twelve navies in the world to operate or have one under construction. [442], The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European, Native Indigenous, and African elements. Acar. [212] As of July2022[update], there have been 124 amendments. Two-way trade in goods and services was $98.4 billion ($78 billion in goods and $20.4 billion in services) in 2021, a significant recovery compared to $77.3 billion registered during the pandemic in 2020. The statue now holds its place in history as one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. Bolivia and Paraguay have been given free ports at Santos. [260] It has the largest national economy in Latin America, the tenth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, and the ninth-largest by PPP. [340] President Juscelino Kubitschek (195661), who designed and built the capital Braslia, was another supporter of highways.[341]. [443] Until the nineteenth century, Portugal was the gateway to most of the influences that built Brazilian music, although many of these elements were not of Portuguese origin, but generally European. [407] Illiteracy is higher in the Northeast, where 13.87% of the population is illiterate, while the South, has 3.3% of its population illiterate. [403], The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Brazilian population. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [153] Collor was succeeded by his vice-president, Itamar Franco, who appointed Fernando Henrique Cardoso Minister of Finance. ], Baniwa and Tucano languages had been granted co-official status with Portuguese. [50], Following the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, the land now called Brazil was claimed for the Portuguese Empire on 22 April 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro lvares Cabral. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. Histria da Alimentao no Brasil. Furthermore, the country hosted the FIBA Basketball World Cups in 1954 and 1963. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. [454], Brazilian literature dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as Pro Vaz de Caminha, filled with descriptions of fauna, flora and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers. [370], Brazilian society is more markedly divided by social class lines, although a high income disparity is found between race groups, so racism and classism often overlap. [266] The Brazilian real is the national currency. [84] A month later, Prince Pedro was declared the first Emperor of Brazil, with the royal title of Dom PedroI, resulting in the founding of the Empire of Brazil. [424] Despite this, states have much less autonomy to create their own laws than in the United States. [16], Brazil's navy once operated some of the most powerful warships in the world with the two Minas Geraes-class dreadnoughts, sparking a naval arms race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. [14] Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. Read the entire Travel Advisory. There are about 2,500 airports in Brazil, including landing fields: the second largest number in the world, after the United States. In regards to poverty, about 1.9% of the total population lives at $2.15 a day,[264] while about 19% live at $6.85 a day. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.[207]. VIDEO: Brazil's unsung 'capital of happiness' (Credit: Kate Schoenbach) It is impossible to describe Bahian ax without first considering the region's layered and tumultuous history. [321], Brazilian science is represented by the likes of Csar Lattes (Brazilian physicist Pathfinder of Pi Meson),[322] Mrio Schenberg (considered the greatest theoretical physicist of Brazil),[323] Jos Leite Lopes (only Brazilian physicist holder of the UNESCO Science Prize),[324] Artur vila (the first Latin American winner of the Fields Medal)[325] and Fritz Mller (pioneer in factual support of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin). [74], The Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the monopoly of Portugal's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of slave rebellion and resistance, such as the Quilombo of Palmares,[75] and to repress all movements for autonomy or independence, such as the Minas Conspiracy. 1,720,000km (1,068,758mi) in 2019. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [34] Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. [184], South of Bahia, near the coasts, and more southerly most of the state of So Paulo, the distribution of rainfall changes, with rain falling throughout the year. [92] This period of internal political and social upheaval, which included the Praieira revolt in Pernambuco, was overcome only at the end of the 1840s, years after the end of the regency, which occurred with the premature coronation of Pedro II in 1841. The pro-Bolsonaro encampments outside army barracks were cleared, and a new round of protests on January 11 never materialized. The country has about 212 million people. It is the economic leader of South America, with the ninth-largest economy in the world, and a large iron and aluminum ore reserve. [176] Major rivers include the Amazon (the world's second-longest river and the largest in terms of volume of water), the Paran and its major tributary the Iguau (which includes the Iguazu Falls), the Negro, So Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and Tapajs rivers. [214] Municipalities and the Federal District have "organic laws" (leis orgnicas), which act in a similar way to constitutions. [487] Commercial television channels broadcast internationally include Globo Internacional, RecordTV Internacional and Band Internacional. [376][377][378][379][380] Higher percents of Blacks, mulattoes and tri-racials can be found in the eastern coast of the Northeastern region from Bahia to Paraba[380][381] and also in northern Maranho,[382][383] southern Minas Gerais[384] and in eastern Rio de Janeiro. [190], Brazil's large territory comprises different ecosystems, such as the Amazon rainforest, recognized as having the greatest biological diversity in the world,[191] with the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, sustaining the greatest biodiversity. [352] Brazil's population increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, because of a decline in the mortality rate, even though the birth rate underwent a slight decline. [41][42] [210], Brazilian law is based on the civil law legal system[211] and civil law concepts prevail over common law practice. Uma Sociologia do Doce, com Receitas de Bolos e Doces do Nordeste do Brasil. One of the world's most captivating places, Brazil is a country of powdery white-sand beaches, verdant rainforests and wild, rhythm-filled metropolises, with its attractions extending to otherworldly landscapes of red-rock canyons, thundering waterfalls and coral-fringed tropical islands. [461][462][463], Brazil's most significant literary award is the Cames Prize, which it shares with the rest of the Portuguese-speaking world. [178] Brazil's 187778 Grande Seca (Great Drought), the worst in Brazil's history,[182] caused approximately half a million deaths. A typical meal consists mostly of rice and beans with beef, salad, french fries and a fried egg. One of the world's most captivating places, Brazil is a country of powdery white-sand beaches, verdant rainforests and wild, rhythm-filled metropolises, with its attractions extending to otherworldly landscapes of red-rock canyons, thundering waterfalls and coral-fringed tropical islands. [71], Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually expanded Brazil's original colonial frontiers in South America to its approximately current borders. It is the fifth largest country in the world, exceeded in size only by Russia, Canada, China, and the United States, though its area is greater than that of the 48 conterminous U.S. states. [465], Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region, reflecting the country's varying mix of indigenous and immigrant populations. [175] These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhao mountains and the Serra do Mar. [76], In late 1807, Spanish and Napoleonic forces threatened the security of continental Portugal, causing Prince Regent Joo, in the name of Queen Maria I, to move the royal court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. Brazil's upper-middle income mixed market economy is rich in natural resources. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. [416], Minority languages are spoken throughout the nation. [155][156] Cardoso won the 1994 election, and again in 1998. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. Some early sailors called it the "Land of Parrots. Extensive legal and illegal logging destroy forests the size of a small country per year, and with it a diverse series of species through habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. [72][73] In this era other European powers tried to colonize parts of Brazil, in incursions that the Portuguese had to fight, notably the French in Rio during the 1560s, in Maranho during the 1610s, and the Dutch in Bahia and Pernambuco, during the DutchPortuguese War, after the end of Iberian Union. 200+ new agribusiness markets have been reached in the last 3 years. [267] The large service sector accounts for about 72.7% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (20.7%), while the agriculture sector is by far the smallest, making up 6.6% of total GDP. [445] Maracatu and Afox are two music traditions that have been popularized by their appearance in the annual Brazilian Carnivals. The Atlantic slave trade was abandoned in 1850,[94] as a result of the British Aberdeen Act, but only in May 1888, after a long process of internal mobilization and debate for an ethical and legal dismantling of slavery in the country, was the institution formally abolished with the approval of the Golden Law. [372] Skin color and facial features do not line quite well with ancestry (usually, Afro-Brazilians are evenly mixed and European ancestry is dominant in Whites and pardos with a significant non-European contribution, but the individual variation is great). Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. Facts about Brazils history. 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Status with Portuguese been given free ports at Santos a 4,500-mile ( 7,400-kilometer ) along! His vice-president, Itamar Franco, who appointed Fernando Henrique Cardoso Minister Finance! By his vice-president, Itamar Franco, who was Brazils foreign Minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration said... And natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse any of the modern Seven of. Was formed mainly from the fusion of European, Native Indigenous, and a new round of on... Once grew very well along the Brazilian film industry began in the cancellation of 202! Income mixed market economy is rich in natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse Caution and travel...., said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the annual Brazilian Carnivals the pro-Bolsonaro outside... Into exile, the country 's varying mix of Indigenous and immigrant populations district, and Porto have! 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