identify four sources of conflict in ghana

When tempers rise to uncontrollable levels, parties involved in the conflict try to inflict the highest possible damage to their opponents in order to punish them or teach them a lesson. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The paper analysed the different elements of the. Then, the manufacturing team gets together to look at this new design. This study critically analyzed the types and sources of conflict at four levels: intra-personal, inter-personal, intra-group, and inter-group; with relation to different organizational phenomena. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); This div height required for enabling the sticky sidebar. Problems: Anyone can be involved in a conflict, and the amount of time, money, and equipment needed for resolution will vary according to its complexity. Peacebuilding Overview, Approaches & Examples | What is Peacebuilding? (vii) Helps one to be seen as financially reliable and responsible (good reputation) Ghana ranks 43rd in the Global Peace Index. (v) Helps to increase ones financial wealth or net worth. ffNn5z O8=I Af*oUY9r3gyr3+_#Pqq`@&l=Q,l0 4L*n d&(6Hf L@fjD:ClwV| !j20 a8!l6d WA@,3F`03)e40 [JJP9cD`4 L 0 Brexit and the Trump victory are the two main factors which continue to present uncertainties for many countries. One of the main causes of conflict between Konkomba and other ethnic groups such as the Dagomba, Nanumba and Gonja is the struggle for paramountcy and autonomy. them there. Conflict itself is neither good nor bad. Conflict is inevitable when you are leading a team through change, transitioning from peer to supervisor or trying to step up performance on a project with high visibility. However, these efforts did not yield the desired results, due largely to the shortcomings of military government, which is characterised by deficient structural checks and balances. (I) Individual Level Conflict: Management should keep in mind that all individuals have conflict within themselves. The development team may feel like they can benefit from the dollars by making more products to sell. These are the 1969, 1979 and 1992 Constitutions. Copyright 2015-2023 PESA. (a) (i) What is superstition? Finally, change - of any kind - is conflict. Please complete the General Enquiry form and submit it to us for a response. applicable to particular communities in Ghana. (ii) Disruption of social activities Maria has taught University level psychology and mathematics courses for over 20 years. (a) Reasons for saving The paper is an account of the emergence of particular identities and inequalities and their role in promoting instability, conflict and violence. Your information will be subjected to the PESA Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and other related laws and regulations. This occurs typically due to how people are different from one another. Some of these challenges could be lack of accommodation, lack of employment opportunities, getting of infectious diseases, involvement in social vices due to peer pressure or stress and hence danger of being Several scholarly works on conflicts in the sub-region have identified bad governance and corruption as the underpinning factors fuelling and renewing violence in West Africa. some SOEs products and services due to the affordable rates and the monopoly (one man show) that some of them have. Ghana: Conflict between the Konkomba and Nanumba Tribes and the Government Response to the Conflict (1994-September 2000), on the RefWorld Website, viewed on 28 September 2018, from http://www.refworld.org/. His duties include the appointment of the members of the Army Council which oversee the entire military operations. (iii) Poor working attitude of staff The working attitudes of many workers in several SOEs are simply destructive (negative). All Rights Reserved. Land Ownership and control of land are another major source of ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region. In the case of regional / ethnic violence, people become fearful and hence are unable to carry out their usual socio-economic or other activities. Accept. Analysts who consider identities such as ethnicity to be primordial are correct in that identities are not simple to assume and discard. [3] Jenkins, J.C. and Kposowa, A.J. Now that we understand conflict, were ready to take on negotiation. 5m]jhhR}zf4vz6/2?~^~{x dv|}(6y V!pR)Qi8IfE99JP%lodH/%oD$+mIx8!IGr>|@"*hRC7Ga-*B},_]2_O~,Vq*MR0X\1Op^('hepJAuV~7_O3(w`Pkb~~#Sj" YiC_3lM_X]v]U1Lo4 #f,|hi=cU.z Over the next 26 years, Ghana experienced four more successful military coups as well as two failed attempts, with the last coup attempt staged in 1983[2]. Goal incompatibility and differentiation is a fairly common occurrence. Finally, have students write a short (about one paragraph) reflection about conflict in the world today. This plot progression is true of shows aimed at the youngest of audiences (for example, the bear wants honey out of the tree but has to trick the bees in order to get it). endstream endobj 3501 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[202 3273]>>stream You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Unfortunately, there are many types of conflict in the workplace, and it would be wise to be aware of most of them. The Dagbon chieftaincy conflict is one of the most retrogressive and protracted conflicts in Northern Ghana, dating back to the mid-19th century. 4 Specific Causes of Conflicts. Preferences and nuisances 4. Below is a list of social problems in Ghana and their solutions. Y' ]bf!S4)J# I{. ){to\8a|hEu\.bVYN8=XnQ`;X80K!V. 36, No. [2] GoG 2019. A number of studies have emphasized the broad disparity between the North and the South of the country in terms of levels of economic development and the general quality of life resulting in the relative backwardness of Northern Ghana in relation to Southern Ghana. From 1966 to 1967, the gross domestic product per capita declined from USD 269,000 to 216,000, a 6.1% decrease[5]. All these constitute abuses of human rights. (i) Low productivity Many SOEs are producing at levels well below their capacities. Hence, there is no political consistency. All questions carry equal marks, SECTION I Data were drawn from secondary and primary sources. [12] GoG 1992. Ghana is a country endowed with various abundant natural resources. It isn't just the two candidates in conflict, but individuals who strongly identify with one or the other may be involved in the clash of ideas and ideology. This was a key theme in the early history of Ghana's independence. Contents 1 Modern times 1.1 Dagbon 1.2 Denkyira 1.3 Ashanti Empire 1.4 Colony of the Gold Coast 1.5 Republic of Ghana 2 See also Modern times [ edit] Dagbon [ edit] 1896 Battle of Adibo Denkyira [ edit] 1588-1654 [ [Dut Ashanti Empire [ edit] become fearful and hence coil into their shells, others become more careless and violent. If you could advise world leaders on reducing conflict, what would you say. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Eg, due to conflict, a mother may refuse to feed the child, a boss may refuse to pay an employee for work done, a religious sect may stop another from worshiping, a person may kill another person, etc. The Africa Portal is a research repository and an expert analysis hub on African affairs. For instance, if budgets are slim, the marketing department may feel like they can make the most of those dollars by earning new customers. Some are relatively straightforward, such as painting a wall, articulating the benefits of a product or following a documented procedure. The existing rural industries must also be improved upon in order to make them more productive and lucrative. These two problems have been identified as the most significant impediments to the success of previous international peacebuilding operations. xref Some examples: Many conflicts stem from a power struggle. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. There are several common causes of conflict at work, but most are categorised by who in the workplace is involved. (iii) Social security schemes Well send you a link to a feedback form. There have been conflicts such as the Konkomba-Nanumba conflict,[when?] Hi Yvette-thanks for your comment (and reblog!) The same holds true for a first-, second-, and third-shift assembly line. Competition of this nature often creates conflict. Although, the agricultural sector remains a vital sector of the economy, there are other natural resources found in Ghana that makes it one of the richest countries in Africa. Hence the necessity to define the project charter and scope, layout out the process and schedule, identify the deliverables and clarify the roles and responsibilities of each project team member . Thus, as one might expect given the theme a this point, politics as a social system conflicts in the same way that all the above systems do. Its important that governmental agencies and other socially oriented organizations render intensive education to the rural folks. [any four]. Whereas this major divide has never generated conflict in Ghana, it is possible to identify different categories of continuous conflict, some of it violent. Create your account. Among other things, what they find when they complete Situational Leadership training is that they learned a leadership language. It is a language they can use to lead change, manage performance and enhance employee engagement. The inability of these parties to accept certain political outcomes and decisions due to their political affiliations poses a risk of intractable positions escalating into violent outbreaks, which taken to the extreme could precipitate civil war. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. For each, students should record the conflict type and source. Organizational sources of conflict occur when departments are differentiated in their goals. Begin by collecting several current events articles or videos. Ghana has since overcome political, economic and social deficits associated with coups to emerge as a significant player and trading partner in Africa. In terms of trade relations, Mozambique forms part of the top five South African trade partners within the SADC region. (v) Credit unions The basic recipe for a story plot is: Introduce your characters, discover conflict, resolve conflict, farewell your characters. (ii) The media (both print and electronic) Moving, changing relationships, changing jobs, and other major changes are rife with conflict due to the fact that change involves opposing concepts in a state of unrest. The important thing to remember is that conflict is natural. The era following Ghanas independence was characterised by authoritarian rule: Nkrumah introduced a one-party state and promulgating laws legitimizing detention without trial for up to five years. These often Mauritian exports have been growing slower than imports during the period from 2015 to 2018. _hjFirstSeen: List of conflicts in Ghana Location of Ghana (red) The following is a list of conflicts in Ghana . (a) Sources of conflicts in Ghana If there aren't enough material and supplies for every worker, then those who do get resources and those who don't are likely to experience conflict. In addition, Ghana is the first African country to achieve Millennium Development Goal 1, which is pursuant of the objective of a state reducing by half the abject poverty of its citizens[9]. (xi) Socialization (personal standards of social ethics) (xii) acculturation Sources of Conict Other Paradigms Neol-liberal institutionalists Force used in defense of state Identity conicts are, like realists, used to mobilize resources, but Examples of abusive leaders and Undermine cooperation Multi-lateral institutions can mediate conicts, raise costs for potential rivals of resort to force. Grace attended James Madison University has a bachelor's degree in history and a master's degree in teaching. Following the 1983 coup, GDP per capita dropped to an all-time low of USD 341,000, resulting in an economic meltdown[6]. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Resources 2. However, military intervention tended to aggravate rather than improve the status quo. The Kingdom of eSwatini is a small, landlocked Southern African country bordered by the Republic of Mozambique to the east and surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. GDP per Capita (USD), on the World Bank Website, viewed on 24 November 2018, from https://data.worldbank.org/. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Although Nkrumahs vision was to develop Ghana into an industrial power, his leadership style precipitated economic crisis that ultimately saw his regime deposed by military coup in 1966[1]. 0000005545 00000 n They also learned that the language of leadership is dependent upon the thoughtful consideration of the leader. 0000006508 00000 n Help identify sources of conflicts - Media urged 24.10.2008 LISTEN By gna Chief Superintendent Fred Asare, Goaso Divisional Police Commander, has appealed to media practitioners to help to identify sources of conflicts and offer suggestions for their prevention and solution. 3.4 Inter-personal Relations. Personality conflicts, irritating as they may be, dont actually qualify as an organizational source of conflict. [any four], 5. 3. Subscribe to get notifications for all updates. Each, however, seems to be couched in a different theoretical position .Political economists such as Collier tend to investigate motives and opportunities; political scientists such as Nathan . They start make adjustments to the design, saving money by using less expensive materials than what were recommended by the R&D team. If those details are not provided, the communication department cannot reach their goal of getting these speaking points out on time for their front-line staff to deal with questions. In times of conflict, there is usually a breakdown of law and order, and some people tend to take undue advantage to abuse the fundamental human rights of others. Available At: http://www.ghana.gov.gh/ [Last Accessed: 7 February 2019]. Recognising the fact that around half of all states that emerged from civil war in the new international setting were likely to fall back into conflict within five years, the international community approved the establishment of the PBC. Hn@s lfB* First layer is always misunderstanding. (ii) Incompetent and inefficient staff Some SOEs are staffed with personnel with relatively low levels of training, experience and skills. The sources of conflict can be divided into basic categories: As mentioned, everyone is unique and has an individual personality. info@africaportal.org, Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA Ghana), View highlights from our past newsletters. H( YT30)B uf0t-M4L@jiq V[@DAq9 ^`zpYf3"43_P:0m^033f s; [bU@ Yw Conflicts over costs and budgets. One of the early theorists on conflict, Daniel Katz (1965), created a typology that distinguishes three main sources of conflict: economic, value, and power. Conflicts driven by this factor are demonstrated in serious conflicts wherein separate parties have sets of beliefs that they assert in an aggressive manner. If there arent enough material and supplies for every worker, then those who do get resources and those who dont are likely to experience conflict. - Definition, Benefits, Importance & Examples, The Advice & Consent Clause in the U.S. Senate, What is Senatorial Courtesy? participants, the process of identifying the sources of conflict illuminates the features of the relationship among conflict participants that foster conflict. It is a natural part of life that can have positive outcomes or incredibly destructive outcomes depending on how it is resolved. Conflict Process Overview & Stages | What Is a Conflict Process? The paper analysed the different elements of the Ghanaian political economy which encourage or discourage particular patterns of peaceful co-existence and conflict. 'Inter-' means external and 'group' means sets of multiple things, so intergroup conflict relates to conflicts that happen between solidified groups of people. Follow us on some of your favourite social media. There are a variety of ways to uncover such sources of conflict, including the use of personality testing instruments like Myers-Briggs, Thomas-Kilman, FIRO-B, and Personality Dynamics Profiles. Theyve been told that management likes it, and that they need to build it by the most economical means possible. (xi) Attractive government incentives for corporate bodies and firms (viii) Excessive patronage of services There is excessive patronage of (extreme pressure on) The 74th Annual New Year School and Conference will open today at the University of Ghana, Legon, Accra with the Vice President being the special guest to formally open the event. A belief system based on perceptions of the supernatural or the spiritual realm rather than on factual reasoning, (ii) Examples of superstitious beliefs An error occurred trying to load this video. (vi) They discourage scientific advancement and technology (vii) They generate conflicts among members of the community (viii) They create intense and unreasonable fear in the community (ix) They slow down development / progress in the community (x) They sometimes permit abuse of ones human rights Ghana ranks 43rd in the World Peace Index. Others are layered with minefields of complexity. Largest Ethnic Group: Akan. Uncertainty makes it difficult for managers to set clear directions, and lack of clear direction leads to conflict. (xv) Educating the rural populace on dangers involved with urban migration and opportunities in rural areas. 4.2 Expectation of Manager. The belief that a couple must not have sex outdoors (even when no one is watching) 3477 0 obj<>stream (xii) They discourage creativity concerning innovative solutions to societal problems (v) Human rights abuse Some of the key conflicts identified at the inception, design, construction and project management stages include; low recognition and lack of authority, design error, design omission, design not meeting specification, cost overrun, quality of work, running late, operational faults, conflict of loyalty and by-passing a 'single' point of contact. "From 1806 until 1896, the Ashanti Kingdom was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain". Without proper funding and appropriate budget . Characteristics of Conflict: 1. Conflict, which occurs when a perception or action leads to a state of unrest, is natural. Have students explain their reasoning. Interdependence describes the extent to which employees rely on other employees to get their work done. succeed. Eg, if there is conflict between mother and father at home, the children may become scared and tensed, and therefore cannot go about their duties or socialize in the normal way. [14] Kwarke, S. 2018. Displacements of persons occur when people move out of their usual places of abode/ work, due to conflict, to reside in other areas they consider safer or more peaceful. For example if one team member is responsible for ordering equipment and another for installing the equipment, one task is dependent on the other. Depending on the type of conflict, you can choose a different course of action. Article 11 of the 1992 Ghana Constitution states that the laws of Ghana shall comprise: Enactments made by or under the authority of the Parliament established by the, Any Orders, Rules, and Regulations made by any person or authority under a power. The analysis suggests that almost all the respondants are of the view that an impending major conflict is likely to occur in the Northern Region. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. PESA may also use the information you have provided for internal record-keeping or other business requirements. 0000004800 00000 n The Political Origins of African Military Coups: Ethnic Competition, Military Centrality, and the Struggle over the Postcolonial State, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. This could make life difficult or even unbearable for them. Discover sources of the four main types of conflict: interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup, and. [11] BBC 2018. This standard, not an uncommon practice, creates heavy competition within its employee ranks. Main social problems in Ghana in 2022. However, aggressiveness, dominating personalities, authoritarian behavior and intolerance are causes of workplace conflict that must be tempered and discouraged. It can be a slight conflict that causes no harm or an egregious conflict that results in irreparable damage. Is there a common source of conflict? [6] WB 2019. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Bringing people together with different opinions is a double-edge sword. Outline four avenues for saving. As resources dwindle and an organization has to make do with less, departments will compete to get those resources. 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The United States (US) government is to partner with Ghana to avert violent extremism and other forms of conflicts and vulnerabilities that threaten the country's stability. Thats not the case in many organizations. 301-315. The country and four . What is needed in these modern times is the introduction of current state-of- the-art technology and implements in the agricultural sector in the rural areas. Parallel conflicts are increasing within the current political climate. [1] Fischer, H. 2016. (i) Increase in streetism Nevertheless the periodic flaring up of conflicts into serious violence has become a source of worry. The first step would involve the manager pulling the employees aside, and having one-on-one informal conversations with each of them to gain an understanding of what has taken place. A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghana's history. Since independence from France in 1960, Madagascars economy and development challenges have been compounded by periodic political unrests that have hampered economic growth and limited public investment. The belief that some particular plants/ trees must not be cut Ghanas is currently ranked fifth among Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in terms of regional integration in, which measures surpassing economic supper-power Nigeria which is ranked ninth[8]. (ii) Creation of slums We have varied personalities which usually results to incompatible choices and opinions. Introduction. [4] IMF 2007. 3 Sources and Causes of Conflicts in an Organization. Politics is the hashing out of the . In facilitative mediation or traditional mediation, a professional mediator attempts to facilitate negotiation between the parties in conflict. This situation also results in reduced provision of goods and services ( less productivity). Identities, Inequalities and Conflicts in Ghana. (v) They help to maintain personal hygiene, Negative Effects M. Sheehan, M. (2008) 'The Changing Character of War' in J. Baylis (ed.) Following the coup of 1972, inflation increased over the course of 8 years from 20.0% to over 100.0%, tipping the economy into hyperinflation. 0000003230 00000 n Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 15, pp. By its nature therefore customary law is not easily ascertainable. The UN began a process of reform, searching for ways in which the organisation could be adapted to meet the realities of this changing international environment. 1. (vi) Maintain control of certain crucial factors that affect the economy We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Please use the subject Media for all media-related requests. (a) Why the Watson Commission was set up The other layers are differences of values, differences of viewpoint, differences of interest, and interpersonal differences. 7 Types of Mediation. Customary laws, are however, largely unwritten, and have to be discovered from reported decisions of the courts, and from a handful of a textbook. As resources dwindle and an organization has to make do with less, departments will compete to get those resources. The four causes of conflict are: differing aims and methods, competing or disparage goals, differences in philosophies and personality conflicts. 3.2 Lack of Resources. If resolving the conflict is the general objective the first step leaders should take in their efforts to identify more explicit tasks is identifying the source of the conflict in question: There are several other sources of conflict of course, but one thing is certain: In the absence of clarity around the source of the conflict, it is difficult (if not impossible) for the leader to effectively speak the language of Situational Leadership.