safe operation of a smart power system

This strong interdependence means that an action in one part of an infrastructure network can rapidly create global effects by cascading throughout the same network and even into other networks. These ESSs can be used for any power ow system in a variety of ways, such as providing services for renewable power smoothing, peak demand shaving, frequency regulation, etc. For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. Analogously, customized and cost-effective advancements are both possible and essential to enable smarter and more secure electric power infrastructures. img.emoji { The smart grid would also manage the connection of millions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the power system. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); var em_version = '7.12.1'; As identified from the risk assessment, safe operating methods define a process that aims to develop and implement workplace-specific safety systems for work, equipment . Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { }; Sign in to download full-size image Figure 3.23.4.2. It recognizes smart-grid technology as the merger of power generation, distribution, metering and switching equipment with communication, information technology, and with new user applications. function mapArgs(args) { 'eventLabel': 'event_label', J. Clemente, The security vulnerabilities of smart grid, J. Figure 4. window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; While some of the operations on the system are automatic, human operators in system control centers ultimately make the decisions and take the actions that control the operations of the system. This course provides best practices of modern distribution power systems. if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. The best of American innovation is yet to come, and the smart grid must be part of our future. Data stored at the meter and transmitted over communication networks must also meet standard cybersecurity requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and nonrepudiation. If the power ever failed for more than a few hours the SPS could . With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} [2]. switchLogin(); This system is an intelligent residual current fire monitoring detector. Unique "super-cooled" power generation for continuous 120F operation; Command & Control Center continuously monitors system and optimizes overall performance; Meets/exceeds NFPA 1901 requirements; Ease of Operation. window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) }; 93, no. M. A. McQueen and W. F. Boyer, Deception used for cyber defense of control systems, in Proc. While the digitization of such systems will present many new security challenges, it will also provide the grid with increased flexibility to prevent and withstand potential threats. He is an iNARTE Certified Product Safety Engineer. An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. Education var f = arguments[len - 1]; Accounting for all critical assets includes thousands of transformers, line reactors, series capacitors, and transmission lines. } Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates. The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. These standards include IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety Code, and CSA C22.3, Canadian Electrical Code, Part III.. Uninterruptable power. Information security frameworks for electric power utilities have also been developed by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE). A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. Choose Heat or Cool from the mode options. __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); A security framework is considered as the skeleton on which various elements are integrated for the appropriate management of security risk. For example, Figure 3 shows the percentage of IT and security executives from critical infrastructure enterprises located in 14 countries around the world reporting large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and their frequency. The threat of a Trojan horse embedded in the control center software can only be addressed by means of careful security measures within the commercial firms that develop and supply this software along with careful security screening of the utility and outside service personnel who perform software maintenance within the centers. In order to defend against the vulnerabilities described above, several security features need to be incorporated into the development of AMI, along with new privacy laws to protect consumers. This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . for (arg in args) { This network represents an -enormous investment, including more than 15,000 generators in 10,000 power plants and hundreds of thousands of miles of transmission and distribution lines. Part of the problem is that the existing control systems, which were originally designed for use with proprietary, stand-alone communication networks, were later connected to the Internet (because of its productivity advantages and lower costs) but without adding the technology needed to make them secure. __gtagTrackerOptout(); Information Technology } Now as part of smart grid and green-power initiatives, you can expect to see such systems in residential locations where anyone might have access. Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. The mission of the IEEE Power & Energy Society is to be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for its members. According to the investigation, power system operation scenarios are classified into 3 categories: time-centered scenarios, process-centered scenarios and emergency-centered scenarios. helpers: {}, This standard provides requirements and considerations for enclosure construction, overvoltage category consideration, and pollution degrees (environmental exposure) associated with information technology and communications equipment installed outdoors. Possible threats to the electrical grid introduced by the use of AMI include: As more utilities move toward using Internet Protocol (IP)based systems for wide area communications and as the trend of using standardized protocols continues throughout the industry, maintaining the security of such devices will be critical. Information technology equipment, on the other hand, is generally utilized in Overvoltage Category II environments, or connected to outlets on branch circuits a safe distance away from the service equipment. /* Opt-out function */ The machine will turn on. var disableStrs = [ While highlighting topics including cybersecurity, smart grid, and wide area . Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg DE-AC2604NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04. 2004. Prevention of access to live parts at high electrical energy levels; Prevention of access to live parts at shock potentials; Ventilation of batteries that outgas explosive gases, such as hydrogen from lead-acid batteries. Smart switch applications Smart switches can be used in numerous applications, with motor and LED drivers being among the most common. The benefits of smart energy infrastructure are improved reliability, supply integration, shorter outages, increased efficiency, consumer cost-saving, and customer satisfaction 6. Smart meters will need to be cost-effective, since millions will need to be purchased and installed to replace antiquated analog devices. This may mean putting telecommunication protectorsprimary (voltage) or secondary (power-cross) at each end of a campus-run communication conductor where there exist an exposure to lightning or to accidental contact with electric power conductors. function __gtagTracker() { p.get = noopfn; They can also alert operators to possible threats before any systems are harmed. 'eventLabel': arguments[4], What is most concerning about such reports is mainly one portion of an early article: The response to the alert was mixed. Identity theft threat. The number of documented cyberattacks and intrusions worldwide has been rising very rapidly in recent years. During the 20 years since the OTA report, the situation has become even more complex. The potential exists to create an electricity system that provides the same efficiency, precision, and interconnectivity as the billions of microprocessors that it will power. The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative researc Because society depends greatly on electric energy, power system control and protection focuses on ensuring a secure . return false; Due to the gravity of these threats, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) policy statement on the smart grid states that cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the smart grid and that the development of cybersecurity standards is a key priority. Sign up to hear about We could reasonably expect to see some form of communication interfaces and information technology in some appliances that traditionally would never have had such interfaces (washer/dryers, refrigerators, etc.). Outages and faults will cause serious problems and failures in the interconnected power systems, propagating into critical infrastruc- This information allows consumers to be charged variable rates for energy, based upon supply and demand. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. Additionally, to create a smarter end-to-end power delivery system, we must invest between US$17 and US$24 billion over the next 20 years. Call twitch soundtrack search. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); Current privacy laws in the United States are fragmented and vague and do not specifically address consumer energy usage. 'eventCategory': 'event_category', } return []; if (hitObject) { While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an approach to integrating electrical consumers based upon the development of open standards. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. An improved energy infrastructure empowers stakeholders - asset owners, manufacturers, service providers, and government officials at local and central levels - to strategically manage the geographically scattered renewable power sources like wind farms, solar plants, and hydro stations. Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) Membership in the IEEE has many benefits, join today. /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. var gaMap = { The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: 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